Essay on Abolishing Corporal Punishment in the United...

Corporal punishment is a discipline method in which an administering adult inflicts pain upon a student (usually using a paddle) in response to a students offensive behavior. Nowadays regulations have been created as to how many â€Å"swats† can be inflicted, by whom, and with what instrument. It is still used in many U.S. schools as a disciplinary method against disobedient or defiant students. Although corporal punishment is no longer tolerated in the military, prisons, or mental institutions, 21 states still allow corporal punishment in full or in part according to the U.S. Department of Education. Every year, more than 223,190 students are being subjected to this particular form of punishment in public schools, and a disproportionate†¦show more content†¦Not only are such messages thought to be wrong themselves, but it is claimed that they are repeated by the children who are hit. In the short term, those who are physically punished are alleged to commit violence against other children, against teachers and against school property. As far as long-term effects are concerned, it is alleged that significant numbers of people who commit crimes were physically punished as children. It is these arguments that lie behind the saying violence breeds violence.All forms of corporal punishment in schools must be banned given that all violence must be banned in schools and all corporal punishment influences violence in schools. (CS) Just because an official is promoting violence, instead of a student, does not make it okay. Punishing a student with violence is taking the easy way out of the situation. It is like putting a Band-Aid over a cut for the quick and easy fix. It may be a way to create an immediate response, but it is inhumane and for lack of a better word, lazy. So this leaves us with a choice; either we continue taking the â€Å"quick fix†, or we take action by permanently abolishing corporal punishment. No one wants to treat children, the future of our country, with just a quick fix that ca hurt them in the long run .(DS) So we need to confront the problem head on by taking action and finding other means of punishment. Non-hitting statesShow MoreRelatedThe Common Law Defence Of Reasonable Disciplinary Chastisement Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pagesacademic opinions and disputes, as a secondary source of evaluative analysis. Disciplinary chastisement: Background The previous common law interpretation regarding (â€Å"CP†) was significantly influenced by English law, employing an approach of moderate corporal chastisement as permissible towards those under their care. Snyman relays that unlawfulness is based upon the principle of ‘objective reasonableness’, which is founded on the â€Å"legal convictions of the community† or boni mores. Within South AfricanRead More Corporal Punishment of Children Should be Banned Essay2475 Words   |  10 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior (A Report 18). In America, parents use of corporal punishment in homes have been defined legally by the states as â€Å"encompassing ‘reasonable’ force with some states adding qualifiers that it must also be ‘appropriate’ (AL, AK, AZ, C A, CC), ‘moderate’ (AR, DE, SC, SD), or ‘necessary’ (MT,Read MoreCriminal Activity and Justice in the American Society Associated With the Social Problems of Race, Poverty, and Punishment2797 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Title: The Social Problem of Race, Poverty, Punishment Abstract Even more than 100 years back, the terrific African American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois stated, The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line (Du Bois, 1999) Racism and racial discrimination, he said, were the main troubles dealing with contemporary society. Similar can be stated about criminal activity and justice in American society today. Virtually every problem associated with criminal justice problemsRead MoreSpanking And Its Effect On Children2028 Words   |  9 Pageschild’s onset in violence behavior. Spanking does not benefit the child, but it makes them repeat their actions. This is shown when Anne Stokely said,â€Å"Corporal punishment does not teach right from wrong, and offenders may repeat the punished behavior as soon as the authority figure is absent. Effective discipline is possible without corporal punishment (Stokely 1). Spanking is a way to punish children s wrongdoings. Parents think spanking will make their children realize their actions were unacceptableRead MoreThe Power of Print1488 Words   |  6 PagesHenry studied writing, philosophy, and the classics. Henry taught in Canton, Massachusetts in 1837 after he graduated college, but resigned just after a few weeks because he didnt agree with administerin g corporal punishment. Henry enjoyed teaching so much that he opened Concord Academy Grammar School in 1838 with his brother John, but Henry stopped teaching when his brother died from tetanus from a cut while shaving. Henry also worked in his familys pencil factory for most of his adult life. He discoveredRead MoreSamsung Electronics Response Analysis1624 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess, which aims to avoid child labour, and that included personal interviews for every candidate and the technological improvement to detect fake identifications. Actions planned to be implemented by the end of 2012 were about improving, or abolishing the mistreatments that CLW reported. Finally it added its commitments to improve the overtime issue, including financial support and the development of a long-term plan to improve the overall working hour practices. Samsung Electronics also â€Å"recognisedRead More Both Sides of Capital Punishment Essay1993 Words   |  8 PagesBoth Sides of Capital Punishment Murder is the unlawful killing of another human being with an intentional or criminal intent. In todays world, terrible crimes are being committed daily. Many believe that these criminals deserve one fate: death. Capital punishment, the death penalty, is the maximum sentence used in punishing people who kill another human being - and is a very controversial method of punishment. In most states, a person convicted of first degree murder has the potential toRead More Abolishing the Death Penalty Essay3076 Words   |  13 PagesAbolishing the Death Penalty When taking a human life in response to a crime, a state is acting on behalf of all of its citizens. Capital punishment is an expensive procedure with permanent ramifications. It is therefore very important that the matter of capital punishment be seriously reconsidered. In order to protect all of Americas citizens, I recommend that congress approve a constitutional amendment that reads: The states and the federal government shall not under any circumstances executeRead MoreCrime Against Women and Challenges to Overcome Them5619 Words   |  23 Pagesâ€Å"Crimes against women and challenges in abolishing the crimes† ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SUBMITTED BY: - Ritu Rajput DATE OF BIRTH:-28-09-1991 ADDRESS:-H.NO 1162 SECTOR-K AASHIANA COLONY LUCKNOW (U.P) TELEPHONE NO.:-07376756042 EMAIL: - riturajput.amity@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- AMITY LAW UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW (UTTAR PRADESH) BA.LLB (2010-2015) 3rd YEAR, Semester VI Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pagesindustry becomes more technologically advanced, for instance the mechanization of farming as opposed to hand picking and planting. In more developed economies additional capital is invested in primary means of production. As an example, in the United States corn belt, combine harvesters pick the corn, and spray systems distribute large amounts of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, producing a higher yield than is possible using less capital-intensive techniques. These technological advances

Hammurabis Code Just or Unjust - 1585 Words

Mesopotamia, â€Å"the Land between Rivers,† was one of the greatest and the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. This civilization flourished around 3000 B.C. on the piece of fertile land, now known as Iraq, between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Before 1792 B.C., the city-states of ancient Mesopotamia were not united and constantly clashed in turmoil and warfare. In 1792 B.C., King Hammurabi conquered and merged the neighboring city states of ancient Mesopotamia, creating a Babylonian empire and becoming the sixth king of its capitol city, Babylon. During his reign, Hammurabi established law and order and funded irrigation, defense, and religious projects. He personally took care of and governed the administration. In†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Hammurabi’s laws were based on social classes which was unjust. In addition to these laws, Hammurabi’s laws were also gender biased .Laws for women were also unju st, gender biased and based on social classes. Women were not given an individual status according to these laws and also they weren’t allowed to trade and open their own business. Also, they did not have their individual rights. For instance, the law one hundred and twenty eight states that â€Å" If a man take a woman to wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him†. This law shows that the women were not treated equally and laws were based from the perspective of men and not the women. These laws also shows that how they were unjust to a women and suggest the social condition of them . Another law which states â€Å"If the finger is pointed at a mans wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband.† This was very wrong as it raised many questions about why only women were required to sacrifice and not men. Also, there was inequality between men and women as only men can choose their wife or perhaps buy herShow MoreRelatedComparison Between The Code Of Hammurabi And Hammurabi1045 Words   |  5 Pagesshow fairness, but be unjust. Two sets of laws in ancient history come to mind when this question arises. Those two laws are The Code of Hammurabi and the Bibles laws. Hammurabi’s legal code (The Code of Hammurabi) was established between 1894 and 1595 B.C. (Barratt et al., 2017). The Code of Hammurabi was a set of 282 laws dealing with a wide variety of interactions, and an epilogue filled with curses applying to anyone in the future who may change, efface, or subvent Hammurabi’s divinely ordainedRead MoreHammurabis Code of Laws Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst Amorite dynasty of Babylon. He supposedly ruled from 1792-1750 BC. During his rule, he wrote a code of l aw, which was the first to be translated from cuneiform. The code was written on several stone tablets so that all people could see them. It had a prologue, an epilogue, and 282 articles, and included rights for women, even though they didnt have as many rights as men did. Hammurabis code was based on the saying ‘an eye for an eye. This means that the retribution for the crime would roughlyRead More Hammurabis Code of Laws Essay716 Words   |  3 Pagesdynasty of Babylon. He supposedly ruled from 1792-1750 BC. During his rule, he wrote a code of law, which was the first to be translated from cuneiform. The code was written on several stone tablets so that all people could see them. It had a prologue, an epilogue, and 282 articles, and included rights for women, even though they didn’t have as many rights as men did. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hammurabi’s code was based on the saying ‘an eye for an eye’. This means that the retribution for theRead MoreThe Code Of A Just Society941 Words   |  4 Pages What is justice? What qualities does a just person have, that an unjust person lacks? More importantly, who decides which behaviors or actions constitute as just or not? And how does a society utilize this information to construct a just community for all? These questions are essential to the construction of a just society, but prove to be incredibly difficult to agree on. Defining justice in a way that every person can agree is not only unrealistic, but it also has not been achieved since theRead MoreThe Issue Of Establishing A Just Society987 Words   |  4 Pages Before asking, â€Å"Do we live in a just society?† one must have a solid understanding of what is justice, and which behaviors are considered just or unjust. This is where a major dilemma arises. Defining justice in a way every person can agree is not only unrealistic, but has also never been achieved since the beginning of time. Perhaps the issue of establishing a just society does not lie in a concrete â€Å"definition† of justice, but rather lies in the complexity of society, as well as the varying perspectivesRead MoreCode Of Hammurabi Vs. The Ten Commandments1610 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Veronica Vasquez Professor: Theodore Sanders Class: WOH 1012 History of World Civilization to 1500 Date: October 15th, 2015 Code of Hammurabi Vs. The Ten Commandments. Picture a king so ahead of his time and so powerful that he was aware of the importance and sense of urgency behind establishing laws to ensure the growth of civilization and humanity. His name was Hammurabi and he was the king of Babylon. He reigned from 1792 B.C. all the way to 1750 B.C. As an innovativeRead MoreSummary of the Merchant and the Demon from the Arabian Nights641 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferences between pre-Islamic and Islamic values in Arabian society. Because the theme of gender roles and norms are not present within the Merchant and the Demon, the story shows how sexism is simply a form of general political and social oppression. Just as the king seeks to kill Shahrazad, the demon in the first nights story also wants to kill the merchant for a perceived transgression. A traveling merchant stops under a shady tree for a lunch break and casually tosses a date pit onto the groundRead More Failure of the Legal System in Atonement, Wonder Boys and The Round House1992 Words   |  8 Pages The code of Hammurabi, dating back to 1772 BC, is one of the oldest recorded legal codes and reflects the early Babylonians’ views of justice. The code is best known for â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.† By enumerating punishments for certain crimes the code removes ambiguity and combined with its relatively harsh penalties, especially on lower class citizens, served as an effective deterrent. More profoundly however, Hammurabi’s code formally shifted justice-seeking responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Collapse Of A Society1484 Words   |  6 PagesHammurabi is best known for creating a legal c ode for the inhabitants of Mesopotamia. The Code of Hammurabi was carved on a large pillar and set out for everyone to see, the significance of this being that the laws were not able to be changed based on things such as social class. Not only was this a set of laws for the Babylonian people, but also a set of moral standards that created a more civilized society. According to Hammurabi in the prefix the code sets out to â€Å"cause justice to prevail in theRead MoreDefining Characteristics From Western Civilization946 Words   |  4 Pages Laws in Western Civilization were told to people through word of mouth, they were never really set in stone, until the Code of Hammurabi. King Hammurabi decided to create laws and have servants write them into stone. If the Sumerians decided to not create pictographs and ideograms King Hammurabi’s laws would be unknown and justice could be perceived differently. The law codes give people in today’s society a glimpse into Western C ivilization and since they were written down and roughly translated

Constitutionalism vs Absolutism Free Essays

Constitutionalism vs Absolutism In the following paragraphs I’m going to explain what constitutionalism is, and how it differs from absolutism. Constitutionalism is the way a state or country governs it’s people based off of laws set forth to protect the people’s rights and liberties. These laws are called constitutions, for example the Constitution of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutionalism vs Absolutism or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two types of constitutional governments, republican and monarchy. Within a constitutional republic the sovereign is elected by the people to govern according to the constitutional laws. Constitutional monarchy is almost the same, except a king or queen rules according to the constitutional laws, but is given some political authority. As with constitutional republic a constitutional monarchy’s powers rest in the electorates. The best example of constitutionalism is John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. He states, â€Å"liberty to follow one’s own will in anything that isn’t forbidden by the rule, and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another man. † (John Locke) The difference between constitutionalism and absolutism is that the king or sovereign is believed to be ordained by God. There are no rules or regulations for the sovereign to run his state. This gives him the ultimate power to rule over his subjects as he sees fit. No one can challenge his authority because his word is God’s word, to question the king, would be questioning God, and this would be considered treason. (Mike Cox) The infamous Louis XIV, other wise known as the â€Å"Sun King†, governed by this mentality. He has been heard saying, â€Å"I am the State! You also have Thomas Hobbe’s Leviathan, which goes on to describe how people need an absolute ruler to keep the peace and discourage civil war. To conclude, I have given you a descriptive explanation on constitutionalism, and described how it differs from absolutism. As you see it is a matter of how much power a sovereign has over his people, and how much power the people have over him. http://www. ea rlymoderntexts. com/pdf/lockseco. pdf http://www. sparknotes. com/philosophy/hobbes/themes. html A History of Western Society Vol II How to cite Constitutionalism vs Absolutism, Papers

Role of Organizational Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a Succinct Business report that Identifies the Operational Issues in the Case and Develops an argument about their root Causes. Answer: Introduction Organisation management plays a vital role in an organisation. Organisation management refers to as the administration of the corporate practices that help in enhancing efficiency in an organization. The objective of operation manager is to transform the essential resources into goods and services. The report talks about the current operations of the C-Quest marine laboratory. The report also throws light on the issues and a main root cause of the company. Every organization faces some or other issue while managing the operations of the organization. The operation manager plays an important role in managing and bringing innovative ideas to enhance the productivity. The decisions that should be taken care by the organization include a size of the plants, strategic decision, managing operations, innovative ideas, etc. operations activity need to be taken care by the operation manager (Slack, Brandon-Jones, Johnston, 2013). These activities include planning, directing, controlling, and outlining the working. It also comprises of the problems faced by the particular sector. Current operation of C-Quest C-Quest marine lab depends on Great Barrier Reef. The marine research center goes under the visitor places. It comprises of 600 m2 skimming perpetual stages. The operations of the organization are identified with the marine research center with researchers examine. Currently, the primary concentration of the C-Quest marine research facility is in shaping the procedure for the intended interest group. The association working demonstrates that association continues changing the objective portions (Bernstein, 2014). Changing target is essential for the organization and these adjustments in the intended interest group come considering the season. As indicated by the seasons on the northern side of the equator the requested increment because of a getaway in May to October. Also, Australian and New Zealand visitor visit in the long stretch of the November and April alongside the southern half of the globe vacationer. The association bringing an improvement in the quality it is giving to its clients. Dealing with the quality can be considered as the one of the operational movement. To build the level of fulfilment of the client, association need to improve the nature of the administrations (online Kettering, 2016). Consequently, they will have the capacity to pull in more vacationers towards the marine research facility. This cultivates the development and accomplishment of the organization. Operational supervisor of the association tries to add-on new inventive thoughts into the business everyday operations (Heizer, 2016). For example, the association can give a tubular walkway to the clients or visitor with the goal that they can get the office of investigating the submerged perceptions. The association can encourage the vacationer from the office of snorkeling or jumping visits. This may draw in the sightseers towards the fun exercises. As per the contextual investigation, the organization allowed a marine permit five years back. The progression was taken by the organization to share their eco-sea life science wander with the 120 sightseers for each trek. The CQuest marine worked an organization that works a sailboat (who has the permit to convey 100 individuals). The named organization helped the association to transport vacationers from 30 nautical miles from Trinity delta in Cairns to the stage. The entire action needs the administration of the vacationer at a similar place. Like this arrangement now the organization is making arrangement $3m development that incorporates the second level to the stage. This arranging enables the organization in upgrading the brand to esteem and achievement of the organization. In the second level, an association will give overnight convenience to 10 sightseers. Alongside the logical staff of 4 that stay on the stage. Arranging is one of the vital exercises that are incorporated i nto the operations administration. This is a standout amongst the most vital exercises that should be considered however arranging chooses the achievement and disappointment of the assignment depends. The organization is making arrangements for giving the offices of the kitchen and restroom comforts. This demonstrates the organization is concentrating on the esteem including exercises that assist the association in conveying the consumer loyalty. Apart from the upgrade in the consumer loyalty, there will be an upper hand to the organization. These days in every last field, there is an extreme rivalry among the marine research centers. By dealing with the operations Association is endeavoring to acquire adequacy the working. Issues and main driver of the C-Quest Marine Laboratory There are several of the issues and main driver from which marine research facility is managing today. With the rise of the online networking showcasing, the pattern of the advertising is evolving. For managing the promoting issue organization needs to embrace few changes in the method for advertising. Henceforth, this will upgrade the learning of the workers in the association. The operations supervisor will have the capacity to settle on the viable choices. The rivalry is expanding step by step and it is getting to be noticeably driving issue for the associations. For confronting the focused world organization needs to execute new procedures and plans. The key designs help the organization to manage the risk of the contention (Musa, Thirumoorthi, 2016). Monsoon season with tornados is one of the basic dangers for the association. CQuest marine needs to deal with the supply side on the grounds that there is a regular vacillation in the request according to the media reports. There are a risk and threat from the tornados, salt-water crocodiles, and marine stingers (Vernberg, and Vernberg, 2013). Improper usage of the licenses by the association. Collaboration in the operations administration is one of the root issues that are found in the association. For example, the organization allows to 120 vacationers to visit whenever yet just once. The association likewise gave the office of the transportation by framing operation with the sailboat. The operation supervisor uplifted that they can secure a quicker sailboat that can likely do 2 sightseers revolutions in a day. The underlying opening can come in the morning and take-off at the season of the moon. The second opening can come in evening after the flight of the principal space. This would have given a chance of acquiring the twofold sum from voyagers. The association understood that they are as yet depending on the customary tourism inventory network to source traveler loadings. Inventory network assumes a critical part in the working of the organization. Here it is unmistakably said that organization needs to locate a superior approach to get changes the store network. The inventory network, as well as the income that is attempted, is not successful. CQML will get the instalment from the tourism operators 90 days after the visitors have paid the sum or encountered the outing. The visit operators deduct 40% out of the retail cost as their bonus and after that give rest 60% add up to the organization. The retail cost of the visit charged to the visitor is inexact $199; this incorporates lunch at the season of morning visit sightseers or canaps and wine at the season of the evening visit. Better income may bring a successful method for working for the organization and may be conceivable will help the association in improving the ben efit (Kroes, and Manikas, 2014). Identification and specification of the problems Hospitality industry consists of tourism and travel business. Each and every company try to scrutinize to manage both the field together. While managing both the fields together company might face some issues and problem (Ghimire, 2013). The tourism and travel sector is expanding globally. Some of the problems of the sector are discussed below. Safety and security: - Safety and security are one of the major issues which can be faced by the tourists. Those organizations who are driving in this industry give lip-administration to security issues than then contradicting the issues from roots (Scott, Laws, Prideaux, 2013). Companies need to that they provide safety and security majors to the tourist. Employee retention: - This issue or problem is increasing day by day in the tourist industry. The reason behind the retention of the employee is low pay according to their skills. Frontline employees in the tourism company are in demand. So this makes them too easily switch the job. There is lack of the skilled workforce in the tourism industry. This creates a problem for the company to manage the employees. HR of the company is responsible for a selection of the skilled employees (Vasquez, 2014). Political conditions: - There is an impact of a political condition on the tourism industry. The different government has different rules related to the tourism industry. The amount of the tax imposed by the government on this sector keeps fluctuating. This affects the flow of the tourist that affects the working of the company. Hence, this is one of the major problems which are faced by this sector (Causevic, Lynch, 2013). Though, the government says that they always support tourism sector as they get foreign earning because of the tourism sector. Cost of fuel: - The prices of the fuel and gasoline keep changes and accordingly the prices of the tour and trip changes. This affects the enrollment of a number of tourists. Tourists dont want to spend more on the tour packages because of the prices of the fuel. Summer is peak time when most of the tourist spends the amount on travels (Murphy, 2013). But due to the increase in the prices, tourist switches their spending to other places. High taxes: - This sector faces problems due to high taxes. Travellers have to bear charges for an airline, hotel, rental cars, etc. these all expenses include the amount of the taxes. That similarly means whatever amount is spent by the traveller include the taxes (Guttentag, 2015). Though, government claim that they provide additional benefits to the tourists but they failed whatever they commit. Unskilled labor: - In the tourism industry the main role is played by the tourist guide of the company. Tourists generally hire tourist guide so that they get to know more about the places. But lack of the knowledge of the tourist guide is a drawback for the tourist companies. Companies want a guide who can actually speak in multiple languages so those tourists dont face any issue related to the language (Banerjee, Cicowiez, Cotta, 2016). With the help of the training, a company can enhance the skills of the labor. These are the major problems which are faced by the companies who operated tourism and travel services. To reduce the problems and to enhance the tourism activities tourism and transport CEO John Lee said that Australia needs to present working holiday maker visa with different nations, for example, Australia and China acknowledge Indonesia. This is for the Australia as well as for the entire world. Organizations ought to do tie up with alternate nations to upgrade the visit bundles (News.com.au, 2012). Conclusion The above report incorporates the investigation of the operational administration in view of the contextual analysis. The organization's operations demonstrate that organization is wanting to growth stage. The uncalled for usage of the allow can be settled. The organization ought to designate prepared and talented operation administrator master. The master can assess the procedures and plans for legitimate usage of assets (Galindo, Batta, 2013). This will upgrade the income of the organization. C-Quest marine can endeavor to execute the successful production network which helps the organization in managing the specialists. Money streams assume an imperative part in association so the organization should watch out for the income administration. The reason C-Quest, for the most part, confronts issue related is income. The organization should add-on administrations to upgrade the request of the clients or to draw in a traveller. References Banerjee, O., Cicowiez, M., Cotta, J. (2016). Economics of tourism investment in data scarce countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 60, 115-138. Bernstein, J. S. (2014). Identifying Market Segments, Selecting Target Markets, and Positioning the Offer. In Standing Room Only (pp. 125-143). Palgrave Macmillan US. Causevic, S., Lynch, P. (2013). Political (in) stability and its influence on tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 145-157. Galindo, G., Batta, R. (2013). Review of recent developments in OR/MS research in disaster operations management. European Journal of Operational Research, 230(2), 201-211. Ghimire, K. B. (2013). The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries. Routledge. Guttentag, D. (2015). Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism accommodation sector. Current issues in Tourism, 18(12), 1192-1217. Heizer, J. (2016).Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Kroes, J. R., Manikas, A. S. (2014). Cash flow management and manufacturing firm financial performance: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 148, 37-50. Murphy, P. E. (2013). Tourism: A community approach (RLE Tourism). Routledge. Musa, G., Thirumoorthi, T. (2016). Tourism in Malaysia. The Routledge Handbook of Tourism in Asia. News.com.au. (2012 April 21st). Big challenges facing Australian tourism in 'Asian Century'. Assessed on 18th August 2017. https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/big-challenges-facing-australian-tourism-in-asian-century/news-story/2b523420848208acf8687a68bd12949d Online kettering, (2016). What are the current 5 challenges of operations management?. Assessed on 18th August 2017, https://online.kettering.edu/news/2016/10/18/what-are-5-current-challenges-operations-management. Scott, N., Laws, E., Prideaux, B. (Eds.). (2013). Safety and security in tourism: Recovery marketing after crises. Routledge. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., Johnston, R. (2013). Operations management. Pearson. Vasquez, D. (2014). Employee retention for economic stabilization: A qualitative phenomenological study in the hospitality sector. Vernberg, F. J., Vernberg, W. B. (Eds.). (2013). Pollution and physiology of marine organisms. Elsevier.